"502 Bad Gateway" on first request in a setup with Apache 2.4-servers as upstreams

The error I am getting in the logs:

“upstream prematurely closed connection while reading response header
from
upstream”

After the first request it works for 10-15 seconds without any problem.
According to tcpdump in the first request (the failing one) the upstream
is
receiving one GET and nothing more.

I found one workaround
(How to configure nginx to hold the connections and retry if the proxied server returns 502? - Hashnode)
which is adding the same upstream twice and adding the “backup”-option.
The
first request then fails but the second in all of my cases succeeds
(checked
via logs and tcpdump).

Any ideas (also some comments that could lead me to the solution would
be
helpful)?

Posted at Nginx Forum: